Study shows that growing up with two continuously married parents are less likely to experience a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and social problems, not only during childhood but also in adulthood.

• In an article written in The Future of Children journal, the author examines the effects of family formation on children and evaluates whether current marriage-promotion programs are likely to meet children’s needs. The author, Paul Amato, begins by investigating how children in households with both biological parents differ from children in households with only one biological parent. He shows that growing up with two continuously married parents are less likely to experience a wide range of cognitive, emotional, and social problems, not only during childhood but also in adulthood. Although it is not possible to demonstrate that family structure causes these differences, studies using a variety of sophisticated statistical methods suggest that this is the case. Amato then looks at what accounts for the differences between these two groups of children. He shows that compared with other children, those who grow up in a stable, two-parent families have a higher standard of living, receive more effective parenting, experience more cooperative co-parenting, are emotionally closer to both parents, and are subjected to fewer stressful events and circumstances. Finally, Amato assesses how current marriage-promotion policies will affect the well-being of children. He finds that interventions that increase the share of children who grow up with both parents would improve the overall well-being of U.S. children only modestly, because children’s social or emotional problems have many causes, of which family structure is only one. But interventions that lower only modestly the overall share of U.S. children experiencing various problems could lower substantially the number of children experiencing them.¹

¹The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation, The Future of Children, Vol. 15, No. 2, Fall 2005, pp. 75-96.

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